Periodontitis Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Periodontitis, including details on treatment, causes, gingivitis, symptoms. | ||||||||
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Anxiety, gingival inflammation and periodontal disease in non-smokers and smokers - an epidemiological study.Johannsen A, Asberg M, Söder PO, Söder B Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. annsofi.johannsen@ofa.ki.se OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of anxiety, measured by one single question, on gingival inflammation and periodontal disease in non-smokers and smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The participants were 144 subjects with untreated periodontal disease 30-40 years of age, and 26 healthy controls, 30-40 years of age. All subjects were clinically examined and answered an uncomplicated question regarding anxiety in every day life, as well as smoking habits. The periodontitis subjects were divided into; an aggressive periodontitis (AP)-group and a chronic periodontitis (CP)-group. Fisher's exact probability t-test, analysis of variance (anova), Mann-Whitney U-test and analysis of covariance (ancova) were used as statistical methods. RESULTS: Anxious subjects had a significantly higher gingival index than non-anxious subjects, when controlling for smoking (p<0.01). The healthy anxious non-smokers had an average score of GI 1.6 (+/-0.4 SD) compared with 1.2 (+/-0.4 SD), p<0.05 for the non-anxious non-smokers. Anxious smokers with periodontits (AP-/CP-group) had significantly more sites with pockets >/=5 mm, compared with non-anxious smokers, (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study, suggest that self-reported anxiety was associated with an adverse affect on the gingiva. Anxiety seemed to be associated with increased severity of periodontal disease in smokers. Published 21 April 2005 in J Clin Periodontol, 32(5): 488-91.
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